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          LV01-Git-04-Git本地仓库-02-忽略文件
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    <div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><p>本文主要是Git本地仓库中忽略文件的相关笔记，若笔记中有错误或者不合适的地方，欢迎批评指正😃。</p>
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<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看使用工具及版本 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center" width=150px>Windows</td>        <td align="left">windows11</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">Ubuntu</td>        <td align="left">Ubuntu16.04的64位版本</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">VMware® Workstation 16 Pro</td>        <td align="left">16.2.3 build-19376536</td>      </tr></table>
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<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看本文参考资料 </summary>
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              <table>    <tr><td align="center">参考方向  </td><td align="center">参考原文</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">Git 官网</td><td align="left"><a href="https://git-scm.com/" target="_blank">https://git-scm.com/ <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a></td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">Git 官方文档</td><td align="left"><a href="https://git-scm.com/doc" target="_blank">https://git-scm.com/doc <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a></td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">Pro Git Book</td><td align="left"><a href="https://git-scm.com/book/zh/v2" target="_blank">https://git-scm.com/book/zh/v2 <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a></td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">Git 快速使用指南</td><td align="left"><a href="https://training.github.com/downloads/zh_CN/github-git-cheat-sheet/" target="_blank">https://training.github.com/downloads/zh_CN/github-git-cheat-sheet/ <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a></td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">Visual Git Cheat Sheet</td><td align="left"><a href="https://ndpsoftware.com/git-cheatsheet.html#loc=index" target="_blank">https://ndpsoftware.com/git-cheatsheet.html#loc=index <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a></td></tr></table>
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<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看相关文件下载 </summary>
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              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center">---</td>        <td align="left">--- <a href="" target="_blank">  <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></a></td>      </tr></table>
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<p>【说明】本节笔记的相关操作在Windows下进行，因为VS Code有个Git的插件，可以很直观的演示一些东西。由于Git安装后自带一个Git-Bash终端，所以就不用Win下的命令行啦，就用的这个终端，因为它里边的命令与Linux很类似，而windows中的命令行有些命令与linux并不相同，为了统一，还是用用Git自带的终端啦。另外VS Code是可以选择使用的终端的，我直接将VS Code使用的终端改成了git-bash，这样更方便一些。</p>
<h1 id="一、-gitignore文件说明"><a href="#一、-gitignore文件说明" class="headerlink" title="一、.gitignore文件说明"></a><font size=3>一、.gitignore文件说明</font></h1><p>这一部分我们可以参考：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://git-scm.com/docs/gitignore">Git - gitignore Documentation (git-scm.com)</a></p>
<h2 id="1-gitignore文件"><a href="#1-gitignore文件" class="headerlink" title="1. gitignore文件"></a><font size=3>1. gitignore文件</font></h2><p>一般我们总会有些文件无需纳入 Git 的管理，也不希望它们总出现在未跟踪文件列表。 通常都是些自动生成的文件，比如日志文件，或者编译过程中创建的临时文件等。 在这种情况下，我们可以创建一个名为 <code>.gitignore</code> 的文件，列出要忽略的文件的模式。 来看一个实际的 <code>.gitignore</code> 例子：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash"><span class="built_in">cat</span> .gitignore</span></span><br><span class="line">*.[oa]</span><br><span class="line">*~</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>第一行告诉 Git 忽略所有以 <code>.o</code> 或 <code>.a</code> 结尾的文件。一般这类对象文件和存档文件都是编译过程中出现的。</p>
<p> 第二行告诉 Git 忽略所有名字以波浪符（~）结尾的文件，许多文本编辑软件（比如 Emacs）都用这样的文件名保存副本。 此外，我们可能还需要忽略 log，tmp 或者 pid 目录，以及自动生成的文档等等。 要养成一开始就为我们的新仓库设置好 .gitignore 文件的习惯，以免将来误提交这类无用的文件。</p>
<p>.gitignore文件其实是一个规则<strong>，忽略文件的匹配规则</strong>，了解git中的忽略规则，则可以随时剔除不需要的文件。它是一个文本文件，它告诉 git 不要跟踪特定的文件、目录或文件类型。</p>
<h2 id="2-文件格式规范"><a href="#2-文件格式规范" class="headerlink" title="2. 文件格式规范"></a><font size=3>2. 文件格式规范</font></h2><h3 id="2-1-忽略规则优先级"><a href="#2-1-忽略规则优先级" class="headerlink" title="2.1 忽略规则优先级"></a><font size=3>2.1 忽略规则优先级</font></h3><p>在 .gitingore 文件中，<strong>每一行指定一个忽略规则</strong>，Git 检查忽略规则的时候有多个来源，它的优先级如下（由高到低）：</p>
<p>（1）从命令行中读取可用的忽略规则</p>
<p>（2）当前目录定义的规则</p>
<p>（3）父级目录定义的规则，依次递推</p>
<p>（4）$GIT_DIR&#x2F;info&#x2F;exclude 文件中定义的规则</p>
<p>（5）core.excludesfile中定义的全局规则</p>
<p>其实吧，官方文档还有好几条，不管有几条，我是没看懂的，后续使用过程中似乎并不需要看懂，有坑的话后边再补充吧。</p>
<p><strong>【注意】</strong></p>
<p>（1）.gitignore 是从上往下依次执行命令的，后面的命令会覆盖前面的命令。</p>
<p>（2）.gitignore 文件指定Git应该忽略的故意不想跟踪的文件，而<strong>Git已经跟踪的文件不会受到该文件的影响</strong>。</p>
<p>（3）.gitignore 文件的目的是确保Git不跟踪的某些文件仍然不被跟踪。要停止跟踪当前正在跟踪的文件，可以使用<code>git rm ——cached</code>命令：</p>
<h3 id="2-2-格式规范"><a href="#2-2-格式规范" class="headerlink" title="2.2 格式规范"></a><font size=3>2.2 格式规范</font></h3><p>文件 <code>.gitignore</code> 的格式规范如下：</p>
<p>（1）所有空行或者以 <code>#</code> 开头的行都会被 Git 忽略。</p>
<p>（2）可以使用<strong>标准的 glob 模式匹配</strong>，它会递归地应用在整个工作区中。</p>
<p>（3）匹配模式可以以（<code>/</code>）开头防止递归。</p>
<p>（4）匹配模式可以以（<code>/</code>）结尾指定目录。</p>
<p>（5）要忽略指定模式以外的文件或目录，可以在模式前加上叹号（<code>!</code>）取反。</p>
<h3 id="2-3-glob-模式"><a href="#2-3-glob-模式" class="headerlink" title="2.3 glob 模式"></a><font size=3>2.3 glob 模式</font></h3><p>所谓的 glob 模式是指 shell 所使用的简化了的正则表达式。</p>
<table>
    <tr><td align="center" width="90">通配符</td><td align="center">说明</td></tr>
    <tr><td align="center" width="90">#</td><td align="left">以”#”号开头表示注释</td></tr>
    <tr><td align="center" width="90">*</td><td align="left">以星号“*”通配多个字符（匹配零个或多个任意字符）</td></tr>
    <tr><td align="center">**</td><td align="left">表示匹配多级目录，可在开始，中间，结束。比如a/**/z 可以匹配 a/z, a/b/z 或 a/b/c/z等</td></tr>
    <tr><td align="center" width="90">？</td><td align="left">以问号“?”通配单个字符</td></tr>
    <tr><td align="center" width="90">[ ] </td><td align="left">以方括号“[ ]”包含单个字符的匹配列表。如[abc]匹配任何一个列在方括号中的字符（要么匹配一个 a，要么匹配一个 b，要么匹配一个 c），如果在方括号中使用短划线分隔两个字符，表示所有在这两个字符范围内的都可以匹配（比如 [0-9] 表示匹配所有 0 到 9 的数字）</td></tr>
    <tr><td align="center" width="90">!</td><td align="left">以叹号“!”表示不忽略(跟踪)匹配到的文件或目录，需要注意的是如果排除了该文件的父级目录，则即使使用 ! ，那么该文件或者目录也不会再次被包含。</td></tr>
    <tr><td align="center" width="90">/</td><td align="left">以 / 开头防止递归，只会忽略当前目录的指定文件夹，不会忽略子目录；以“/” 结束的模式只匹配文件夹以及在该文件夹路径下的内容，但是不匹配该文件。如果一个模式不包含斜杠，则它匹配相对于当前 .gitignore 文件路径的内容，如果该模式不在 .gitignore 文件中，则相对于项目根目录</td></tr>
</table>

<h3 id="6-3-使用实例"><a href="#6-3-使用实例" class="headerlink" title="6.3 使用实例"></a><font size=3>6.3 使用实例</font></h3><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">忽略所有的 .a 文件</span></span><br><span class="line">*.a</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">但跟踪所有的 lib.a，即便我们在前面忽略了 .a 文件</span></span><br><span class="line">!lib.a</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">只忽略当前目录下的 TODO 文件，而不忽略 subdir/TODO</span></span><br><span class="line">/TODO</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">忽略任何目录下名为 build 的文件夹</span></span><br><span class="line">build/</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">忽略 doc/notes.txt，但不忽略 doc/server/arch.txt</span></span><br><span class="line">doc/*.txt</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">忽略 doc/ 目录及其所有子目录下的 .pdf 文件</span></span><br><span class="line">doc/**/*.pdf</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="3-补充说明"><a href="#3-补充说明" class="headerlink" title="3. 补充说明"></a><font size=3>3. 补充说明</font></h2><p>GitHub 有一个十分详细的针对数十种项目及语言的 <code>.gitignore</code> 文件列表， 我们可以在 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/github/gitignore">https://github.com/github/gitignore</a> 找到它。在最简单的情况下，一个仓库可能只根目录下有一个 <code>.gitignore</code> 文件，它递归地应用到整个仓库中。 然而，子目录下也可以有额外的 <code>.gitignore</code> 文件。子目录中的 <code>.gitignore</code> 文件中的规则只作用于它所在的目录中。 （Linux 内核的源码库拥有 206 个 <code>.gitignore</code> 文件。）多个 <code>.gitignore</code> 文件的详情我们可以使用 <code>man gitignore</code> 来查看。</p>
<h1 id="二、基本使用"><a href="#二、基本使用" class="headerlink" title="二、基本使用"></a><font size=3>二、基本使用</font></h1><h2 id="1-准备文件"><a href="#1-准备文件" class="headerlink" title="1. 准备文件"></a><font size=3>1. 准备文件</font></h2><p>我们还是使用上一节的git仓库来做测试，但是我的仓库好像被我删掉了，这里我重新初始化一下然后提交一次。</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git init</span><br><span class="line">touch README.md</span><br><span class="line">git add .</span><br><span class="line">git commit -m &quot;feat:第一次提交README.md文件&quot;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>当前本地git版本库中的文件如下：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/03%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6/LV01-Git-04-Git%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E4%BB%93%E5%BA%93-02-%E5%BF%BD%E7%95%A5%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6/img/image-20230622150645891.png" alt="image-20230622150645891" style="zoom:67%;" />

<p>然后我们再创建几个文件和文件夹用于测试，创建完成后，目录结构如下：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/03%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6/LV01-Git-04-Git%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E4%BB%93%E5%BA%93-02-%E5%BF%BD%E7%95%A5%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6/img/image-20230622152154485.png" alt="image-20230622152154485" style="zoom:67%;" />

<p>我们模拟一下平时写C语言可能出现的几种文件，其中test为最终生成的可执行文件，test.o为编译过程中的中间文件，这两个文件可以由test.c和test.h生成，所以一般是不需要参与管理的，我们接下来就用这几个文件实操使用一下.gitignore文件。</p>
<h2 id="2-gitignore的使用"><a href="#2-gitignore的使用" class="headerlink" title="2. gitignore的使用"></a><font size=3>2. gitignore的使用</font></h2><p>我们在git版本库根目录创建一个.gitignore文件。这一部分的演示就可以体会到VS Code的便利之处啦。</p>
<h3 id="2-1-创建之前的文件状态"><a href="#2-1-创建之前的文件状态" class="headerlink" title="2.1 创建之前的文件状态"></a><font size=3>2.1 创建之前的文件状态</font></h3><p>我们先来看一下使用.gitignore文件之前的版本库中文件的状态：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git status</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/03%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6/LV01-Git-04-Git%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E4%BB%93%E5%BA%93-02-%E5%BF%BD%E7%95%A5%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6/img/image-20230622152227699.png" alt="image-20230622152227699" style="zoom:67%;" />

<h3 id="2-2-创建-gitignore文件并忽略文件"><a href="#2-2-创建-gitignore文件并忽略文件" class="headerlink" title="2.2 创建.gitignore文件并忽略文件"></a><font size=3>2.2 创建.gitignore文件并忽略文件</font></h3><p>我们在.gitignore中添加以下内容：</p>
<figure class="highlight txt"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">*.o</span><br><span class="line">test</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后我们再看一下现在的文件状态：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/03%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6/LV01-Git-04-Git%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E4%BB%93%E5%BA%93-02-%E5%BF%BD%E7%95%A5%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6/img/image-20230622153113138.png" alt="image-20230622153113138" style="zoom:67%;" />

<p>可以看到 git 检测到的文件中已经没有 test 和 test.o 了。</p>
<h3 id="2-3-提交本次更新"><a href="#2-3-提交本次更新" class="headerlink" title="2.3 提交本次更新"></a><font size=3>2.3 提交本次更新</font></h3><p>为方便后边测试，这里将版本库中的文件进行提交。</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git add .</span><br><span class="line">git commit -m &quot;gitignore文件测试第一次提交&quot;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后我们依次修改这四个文件，然后查看文件状态：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/03%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6/LV01-Git-04-Git%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E4%BB%93%E5%BA%93-02-%E5%BF%BD%E7%95%A5%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6/img/image-20230622154101271.png" alt="image-20230622154101271" style="zoom:67%;" />

<p>会发现，忽略掉的文件的修改是不会被检测到的。</p>
<h2 id="3-查看被忽略的文件列表"><a href="#3-查看被忽略的文件列表" class="headerlink" title="3. 查看被忽略的文件列表"></a><font size=3>3. 查看被忽略的文件列表</font></h2><p>一个版本库中哪些文件被忽略了？Git为我们提供了相关的命令来查看：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git status --ignored # 查看有哪些文件是被忽略的</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<p>然后我们可以看到git为我们罗列出当前版本库忽略掉的文件：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/03%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6/LV01-Git-04-Git%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E4%BB%93%E5%BA%93-02-%E5%BF%BD%E7%95%A5%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6/img/image-20230622154500954.png" alt="image-20230622154500954" style="zoom:67%;" />

<h2 id="4-添加已忽略的文件"><a href="#4-添加已忽略的文件" class="headerlink" title="4. 添加已忽略的文件"></a><font size=3>4. 添加已忽略的文件</font></h2><h3 id="4-1-命令说明"><a href="#4-1-命令说明" class="headerlink" title="4.1 命令说明"></a><font size=3>4.1 命令说明</font></h3><p>我们要是想把已经忽略的文件添加到暂存库进行跟踪怎么办？Git也为我们提供了命令：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git add -f &lt;file_name&gt; # 将已经忽略的文件强制添加到Git</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="4-2-使用实例"><a href="#4-2-使用实例" class="headerlink" title="4.2 使用实例"></a><font size=3>4.2 使用实例</font></h3><p>我们将上边的test.o文件也添加到暂存库：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git add -f test.o</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/03%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6/LV01-Git-04-Git%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E4%BB%93%E5%BA%93-02-%E5%BF%BD%E7%95%A5%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6/img/image-20230622155035193.png" alt="image-20230622155035193" style="zoom:80%;" />

<p>可以看到test.o作为新文件被添加到暂存库中，并且，此时.gitignore并不能对此文件造成影响，可此命令可以强制破坏.gitignore的规则，将原本已经忽略的文件重新进行跟踪。</p>
<h3 id="4-3-提交更新"><a href="#4-3-提交更新" class="headerlink" title="4.3 提交更新"></a><font size=3>4.3 提交更新</font></h3><p>为方便后续测试，这里将前边测试的内容进行一次提交：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git add .</span><br><span class="line">git commit -m &quot;gitignore文件测试第二次提交(管理被忽略的test.o)&quot;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后我们尝试修改test.o，看一下文件状态的变化：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/03%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6/LV01-Git-04-Git%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E4%BB%93%E5%BA%93-02-%E5%BF%BD%E7%95%A5%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6/img/image-20230622155441317.png" alt="image-20230622155441317" style="zoom:80%;" />

<p>可以看到这个文件确实是被管理起来了的。测试完成后我们将文件恢复原样，以便于下一次测试。</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/03%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6/LV01-Git-04-Git%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E4%BB%93%E5%BA%93-02-%E5%BF%BD%E7%95%A5%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6/img/image-20230622155558211.png" alt="image-20230622155558211" style="zoom: 50%;" />

<p>恢复原样后会发现在VS Code中这个问价依然是灰色的，这是因为我们没有修改.gitignore文件，虽然我们实际上已经开始管理这个文件了，但是VS Code还是以.gitignore为准了，其实最好就是我们要管理某个曾经被忽略的文件的话，在强制添加文件后，还是要修改一下.gitignore文件。所以这里修改.gitignore文件如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight txt"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#*.o</span><br><span class="line">test</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后重新进行一次提交。</p>
<h2 id="5-忽略已跟踪文件"><a href="#5-忽略已跟踪文件" class="headerlink" title="5. 忽略已跟踪文件"></a><font size=3>5. 忽略已跟踪文件</font></h2><h3 id="5-1-命令格式"><a href="#5-1-命令格式" class="headerlink" title="5.1 命令格式"></a><font size=3>5.1 命令格式</font></h3><p>那现在我们不想再跟踪test.o文件了，怎么办？我们可以通过<code>git rm</code>命令来取消跟踪：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git rm [-r] --cached file_name  # 将版本管理追踪，清空，重新追踪，当我们已经管理了某些文件，但是后续不想再管理时可以使用</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><code>-r</code>参数是在我们移除的是目录的跟踪的时候才会用到的，这个命令会产生一次<code>git add</code>操作。</p>
<h3 id="5-2-使用实例"><a href="#5-2-使用实例" class="headerlink" title="5.2 使用实例"></a><font size=3>5.2 使用实例</font></h3><p>我们将test.o文件从版本库中移除，但是不删除：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git rm --cached test.o</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>会有以下输出信息：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/03%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6/LV01-Git-04-Git%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E4%BB%93%E5%BA%93-02-%E5%BF%BD%E7%95%A5%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6/img/image-20230622164816527.png" alt="image-20230622164816527" style="zoom: 50%;" />

<p>然后我们看一下文件状态：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/03%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6/LV01-Git-04-Git%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E4%BB%93%E5%BA%93-02-%E5%BF%BD%E7%95%A5%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6/img/image-20230622164857082.png" alt="image-20230622164857082" style="zoom:67%;" />

<p>可以看到test.o文件变成了未跟踪状态，并且本地暂存库也删除了这个文件。需要注意的是，这个时候我们一定要修改.gitignore文件，若是不修改的话，我们再执行一次<code>git add</code>的话，这个文件又会被重新跟踪。然我们修改了.gitignore文件后，文件状态如下：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/03%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6/LV01-Git-04-Git%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E4%BB%93%E5%BA%93-02-%E5%BF%BD%E7%95%A5%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6/img/image-20230622165235273.png" alt="image-20230622165235273" style="zoom:67%;" />

<p>会发现，未跟踪的文件中已经没有test.o这个文件了，后面我们就可以安心的提交啦，也不用担心这个文件重新被管理起来了。</p>

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    <p><span>文章标题:</span><a href="/post/e3afad51.html">LV01-Git-04-Git本地仓库-02-忽略文件</a></p>
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